All About the French Regular Verb Passer (to Pass)

All About the French Regular Verb 'Passer' ('to Pass') Passer (to pass) is a very common and useful regular -er verb, by far the largest group of verbs in the French language. It may be used as a transitive verb that takes a direct object or an intransitive verb, and in doing so, its  compound tenses  are conjugated with either  avoir  or  Ãƒ ªtre. Intransitive Passer   à ªtre With no direct object, passer means to pass and requires à ªtre in the compound tenses: Le train va passer dans cinq minutes.   The train is going to pass / go past in five minutes.Nous sommes passà ©s devant la porte midi.   We passed by the door at noon When followed by an infinitive, passer means to go / come to do something: Je vais passer te voir demain.   Ill come (by to) see you tomorrow.Pouvez-vous passer acheter du pain  ?   Can you go buy some bread? Transitive Passer Avoir When passer is transitive and has a direct object, it means to pass, to cross, to go through, and it requires avoir as the auxiliary verb  in the compound tenses. On doit passer la rivià ¨re avant le coucher du soleil.   We need to cross the river before sunset.Il a dà ©j passà © la porte.   He has already gone through the door. Passer is also used transitively with a period of time to mean to spend: Nous allons passer deux semaines en France.   Were going to spend two weeks in FranceJai passà © trois mois sur ce livre.   Ã‚  I spent 3 months on that book Transitive versus Intransitive While the meanings are nearly the same, the difference is in the object (the noun following the verb). If there is no object, or if a preposition separates the verb and object, the verb is intransitive, as in Je suis passà © devant la porte. If theres no preposition, as in Jai passà © la porte, its transitive. Se Passer The pronominal se passer most often means to take place, to happen, or, in reference to time, to go by. Quest-ce qui se passe  ?   Whats going on?Tout sest bien passà ©.   Everything went smoothly.Deux jours se sont passà ©s.   Two days went by. Expressions With Passer With  idiomatic expressions  using the French verb  passer, you can butter someone up,  handcuff someone, kick the bucket, and more. passer   clothing  Ã‚  to slip on/intopasser   infinitive  Ã‚  to go do somethingpasser la douane   to go through customspasser la radio/tà ©là ©   to be on the radio/TVpasser lheure dà ©tà ©Ã‚  Ã‚  to turn the clocks foward, begin daylight saving timepasser lheure dhiver  Ã‚  to turn the clocks back, end daylight saving timepasser pas lents   to pass slowlypasser de bons moments   to have a good timepasser de bouche en bouche   to be rumored aboutpasser des faux billets   to pass forged moneypasser devant Monsieur le maire   to get marriedpasser du coq là ¢ne  Ã‚  to change the subject, make a non sequiturpasser en courant   to run pastpasser en revue   to list; to go over in ones mind, go through  (figurative)  passer (en)   ordinal number  Ã‚  to put in ___ gearpasser là ¢ge de   to be too old forpasser larme gauche  (familiar)  Ã‚  to kick the bucketpasser la journà ©e/soirà ©e   to spend the day/eveningpasser la main d ans le dos quelquun   to butter someone uppasser la tà ªte la porte   to poke ones head around the door passer le cap   to get past the worst, turn the corner, get over the hurdlepasser le cap des 40 ans   to turn 40passer le poteau   to cross the finish linepasser les bornes   to go too farpasser les menottes quelquun   to handcuff someonepasser par   to go through (an experience or intermediary)passer par de dures à ©preuves   to go through some rough timespasser par toutes les couleurs de larc-en-ciel   to blush to the roots of ones hair, to turn pale (from fear)passer par luniversità ©   to go through collegepasser pour   to take for, be taken forpasser quelque chose quelquun   to pass/hand something to someonepasser quelque chose aux/par profits et pertes   to write something off (as a loss)passer quelque chose en fraude   to smuggle somethingpasser quelque chose sous silence   to pass something over in silencepasser quelquun tabac   to beat someone uppasser quelquun par les armes   to shoot someone by firing squadpasser sa colà ¨re sur quelqu un   to take out ones anger on someone passer sa mauvaise humeur sur quelquun   to take out ones bad mood on someonepasser sa vie faire   to spend ones life doing Conjugations You can see all the tenses  of passer, both simple and compound,  conjugated elsewhere. For now, below is the present tense to illustrate that passer hews exactly to regular -er conjugation endings.   Present tense: je passetu  passesil passenous  passonsvous  passezils  passent

Why I Admire Aaliyah essays

Why I Admire Aaliyah essays A young talented New York born star ready to shine was named Aaliyah, and with the help of her parents her voice matured vocally. Destined and being confident in all that she did, Aaliyah began singing in church and plays at school as well in advancing her career up by acting. Her positive image made her a role model to all because she was a hard-worker, very talented and intelligent. Many admire Aaliyah because she is a total package, and like her song she is One in a Million. Aaliyah was very intellectual and one hundred and ten percent was put into everything she accomplished. In addition, she excelled in her academics greatly by graduating from Detroit Fine and Performing Arts High School with a three point eight grade point average. Aaliyah was a perfectionist and she never gave up, and with God by her side she conquered everything essential in bettering her career. She has inspired young adolescents to surpass in school academically like she did, and to take life more serious. In fact, she sang in the choir at church, sang in school plays, and took vocal lessons to express her love in music. Aaliyahs awards and success has showed how well prepared she was in following her one true dream in being a singer. She set a good example for adolescents everywhere wanting to follow in her steps or to pursue another dream by using their talents and always give as much effort as possible. Aaliyahs name means the highest, the best in Arabic and that is what she was the best role model for anyone. Aaliyahs talents flourished greatly not just by singing, but also by dancing, and acting which led her to be number one at a young age. Even so, at the tender age of ten Aaliyah began performing professionally and this opened doors for her. Aaliyah was a little girl with a big heart and a voice good enough to sing with Gladys ...

Are international organisations sufficiently accountable Essay

Are international organisations sufficiently accountable - Essay Example human rights violations and the accountability of both the United Nations and the role of the related states are those complex challenges that make it necessary for critically assessing the role and negligence of the United Nations and its accountability relating to the gross violations of human rights are those issues that must be understood by keeping in view the jurisdiction of the international law and its different provisions relating to such cases in the international and regional conflicts. In the following parts of this paper, first the concept of accountability has been defined and discussed. In this part, various definitions of explanations by keeping in view the international law have been detailed. Subsequently, Along with this topic, the application of accountability concept to the United Nations has also been detailed. In this part, how the UN has failed to remain accountable for its activities and role in the conflict zones, such as Iraq, Afghanistan and Ukraine war, have severely damaged the perception of the UN as an international institution providing and protecting the human rights globally. Before the conclusion part, two cases studies, Somalia and the Kosovo war, have been critically discussed and analysed as well. Accountability is a highly controversial legal term and represents a legal dilemma.1 Accountability has not been properly defined and explained by the legal experts. Even if some legal authors have explained this concept with certain jurisdictions, others do not agree with it and remain critical of that definition and explanation. In this regard, it is important to further describe the term legal dilemma. For example, the international law and national legal law have different perspectives on certain issues as they have different stakeholders. More specifically, some countries legalise marijuana whereas the international law strong discourage and disallow such items as they are harmful for health. Under this situation, any

ESSAYS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ESSAYS PAPER - Essay Example The younger generation would be facing much complex time than ours. The more they work hard and study better, the more helpful it would be for them in the future. Exceptional qualification is the basis of better job and secure career. But for these professional qualifications, higher sum of money is also required. That is why many students move towards the universities as they provide good education with scholarships and financial aids as well. This matter of obtaining quality education gives serious troubles to most of the people. At times, students themselves are not willing to study irrespective of realizing the ultimate importance of education. In addition to that, when they find limited available resources and non-cooperative families, they go in wrong directions. These acts harm their career resulting them in doing odd jobs. I don’t want myself or my siblings to go astray therefore I want to try my best in injecting myself and my siblings in good colleges and universities. Good education not only shapes better and secure career but learning also changes the behaviour of individuals. Therefore, interruptions and hurdles coming along the way of acquiring education must not be considered as blockages and should be overcome as soon as possible in order to avoid wasting precious time of students and money of their parents. Students should also cooperate with their parents by presenting good scores and high grades to them. Universities like Texas A&M University provide huge opportunities even to those students who cannot financially aid their studies therefore struggle on the part from students and younger generation is required to make the most of those opportunities. My family has been going through severe financial crisis as my father is unemployed for past 5 years. Our only source of income is rent income that comes from our one apartment that has been provided to tenants for rent. Daily household expenses are covered through

Exam paper on business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exam paper on business strategy - Essay Example Its limitation is that two firms of same industry with MBV- strategy do not grow with similar pace despite opting for similar options. For example, firms opt to sail the ocean for being the safest alternate without sailor in the team while ignoring mountain-ing for being less attractive alternative despite having skilled mountaineers. RBV based strategy ignores the demand side of the business. It relies solely on the endogenous aspect and ignores the exogenous factors’ effect on firm. Hence, to void the limitation, firm has lent support from both views complementing each other than contrast. Apple Inc’s success is the strategy being combination of both views. For instance, team with innovative skills exploited the market factors that welcome changes in new dimensions; hence giving hit products like iPod, iPad. ANSWER 3 Greiner’s Theory (1972) refers that firm growth is a subset of six phases each comprising of stable growth followed by a challenge before entering the succeeding phase. It suggests that phases occur in series; therefore, predictable challenges (evolution) to be accounted in a predictable way (revolution). Firm initially grows with creativity and establishing position in the market and after some time it faces challenge of leadership crises. This challenge requires professional management for further growth. Growth in second phase continues to expand with direction and increase in scale hence, leads to issues in managing thing by few personnel. Evolution of structural change mainly with delegation of power becomes the need to maintain survival. Upon delegation development, firm grows through third phase for some time and lands to the control crises. It now requires business to strengthen connections among the business -units to maintain growth in single direction with co-ordination and monitoring. 4th phase of growth through connectivity ends up to red tape issues and bureaucracy. These issues hamper growth again requiring man agement to induce collaborative culture than centralized control. Collaborative culture results firm fostering with more of matrix and team based structures but also ends up once firm has exploited maximum of the internal capabilities and faces internal growth crises. Evolution from this crisis requires firm to shake hands with complementary organizations to maintain growth. This sixth stage growth, recently added, refers to merger, networks, alliances, outsourcing etc. Growth rate in phases vary from company to company and even within company from phase to phase. However, longer the phases harder it will be implement transition by catering crises. ANSWER 4 Resources and Competencies held by organization are all not of equal strength when evaluated on the yardstick to provide firm a competitive advantage against competitors. Strength of the Resource Based View refers that resources and competencies that possess value, rarity, inimitability and non-substitutability characteristics, a cronym as VRIN, are of immense importance to organization. Organizational strategy aligning VRIN-resources and competencies with external environmental factors form the foundation of success. Successful organization such as Wall- Mart (Strong Supply Chain), Tesco (UK national and supply Chain), Apple (Innovative Human Resource), Starbucks (expertise in providing premium flavour of coffee) have profited globally upon strategically by

The Electromagnetic Waves And Spectrum

The Electromagnetic Waves And Spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic spectrum of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object. The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength. The electromagnetic spectrum extends from low frequencies used for modern radio to gamma radiation at the short-wavelength end, covering wavelengths from thousands of kilometres down to a fraction of the size of an atom. The long wavelength limit is the size of the universe itself, while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck length, although in principle the spectrum is infinite and continuous. The sun, earth, and other bodies radiate electromagnetic energy of varying wavelengths. Electromagnetic energy passes through space at the speed of light in the form of sinusoidal waves. The wavelength is the distance from wave crest to wave crest (see figure below). Light is a particular type of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen and sensed by the human eye, but this energy exists at a wide range of wavelengths. The micron is the basic unit for measuring the wavelength of electromagnetic waves. The spectrum of waves is divided into sections based on wavelength. The shortest waves are gamma rays, which have wavelengths of 10e-6 microns or less. The longest waves are radio waves, which have wavelengths of many kilometres. The range of visible consists of the narrow portion of the spectrum, from 0.4 microns (blue) to 0.7 microns (red). RANGE OF THE SPECTRUM EM waves are typically described by any of the following three physical properties: the frequency f, wavelength ÃŽÂ », or photon energy E. Frequencies range from 2.4ÃÆ'-1023 Hz (1 GeV gamma rays) down to the local plasma frequency of the ionized interstellar medium (~1kHz). Wavelength is inversely proportional to the wave frequency, so gamma rays have very short wavelengths that are fractions of the size of atoms, whereas wavelengths can be as long as the universe. Photon energy is directly proportional to the wave frequency, so gamma rays have the highest energy (around a billion electron volts) and radio waves have very low energy (around femto electron volts). These relations are illustrated by the following equations: Where: c = 299,792,458 m/s is the speed of light in vacuum and h = 6.62606896(33) ÃÆ'-10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢34 J s = 4.13566733(10) ÃÆ'-10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢15 eV s is Plancks constant. Whenever electromagnetic waves exist in a medium with matter, their wavelength is decreased. Wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, no matter what medium they are travelling through, are usually quoted in terms of the vacuum wavelength, although this is not always explicitly stated. Generally, EM radiation is classified by wavelength into radio wave, microwave, infrared, the visible region we perceive as light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. The behaviour of EM radiation depends on its wavelength. When EM radiation interacts with single atoms and molecules, its behaviour also depends on the amount of energy per quantum (photon) it carries. Spectroscopy can detect a much wider region of the EM spectrum than the visible range of 400 nm to 700 nm. A common laboratory spectroscope can detect wavelengths from 2 nm to 2500 nm. Detailed information about the physical properties of objects, gases, or even stars can be obtained from this type of device. Spectroscopes are widely used in astrophysics. For example, many hydrogen atoms emit a radio wave photon which has a wavelength of 21.12 cm. Also, frequencies of 30 Hz and below can be produced by and are important in the study of certain stellar nebulae and frequencies as high as 2.9ÃÆ'-1027 Hz have been detected from astrophysical sources. - The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves While the classification scheme is generally accurate, in reality there is often some overlap between neighbouring types of electromagnetic energy. For example, SLF radio waves at 60 Hz may be received and studied by astronomers, or may be ducted along wires as electric power, although the latter is, strictly speaking, not electromagnetic radiation at all (see near and far field) The distinction between X and gamma rays is based on sources: gamma rays are the photons generated from nuclear decay or other nuclear and sub nuclear/particle process, whereas X-rays are generated by electronic transitions involving highly energetic inner atomic electrons. Generally, nuclear transitions are much more energetic than electronic transitions, so usually, gamma-rays are more energetic than X-rays, but exceptions exist. By analogy to electronic transitions, muonic atom transitions are also said to produce X-rays, even though their energy may exceed 6 mega electron volts (0.96 pJ), whereas there a re many (77 known to be less than 10 keV (1.6 fJ)) low-energy nuclear transitions (e.g. the 7.6 eV (1.22 aJ) nuclear transition of thorium-229), and despite being one million-fold less energetic than some muonic X-rays, the emitted photons are still called gamma rays due to their nuclear origin. Also, the region of the spectrum of the particular electromagnetic radiation is reference-frame dependent (on account of the Doppler shift for light) so EM radiation which one observer would say is in one region of the spectrum could appear to an observer moving at a substantial fraction of the speed of light with respect to the first to be in another part of the spectrum. For example, consider the cosmic microwave background. It was produced, when matter and radiation decoupled, by the de-excitation of hydrogen atoms to the ground state. These photons were from Lyman series transitions, putting them in the ultraviolet (UV) part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Now this radiation has undergone enough cosmological red shift to put it into the microwave region of the spectrum for observers moving slowly (compared to the speed of light) with respect to the cosmos. However, for particles moving near the speed of light, this radiation will be blue-shifted in their rest frame. The highest energy cosmic ray protons are moving such that, in their rest frame, this radiation is blueshifted to high energy gamma rays which interact with the proton to produce bound quark-antiquark pairs (pions). This is the source of the GZK limit Radio Waves: whose wavelength range from more than 104 m to about 0.1m, are the results of charges accelerating through conducting wires. They are generated by such electronic devices as LC oscillators and are used in radio and television communication systems. Radio waves generally are utilized by antennas of appropriate size (according to the principle of resonance), with wavelengths ranging from hundreds of meters to about one millimetre. They are used for transmission of data, via modulation. Television, mobile phones, wireless networking and amateur radio all use radio waves. The use of the radio spectrum is regulated by many governments through frequency allocation. Radio waves can be made to carry information by varying a combination of the amplitude, frequency and phase of the wave within a frequency band. When EM radiation impinges upon a conductor, it couples to the conductor, travels along it, and induces an electric current on the surface of that conductor by exciting the electrons of the conducting material. This effect (the skin effect) is used in antennas. EM radiation may also cause certain molecules to absorb energy and thus to heat up, causing thermal effects and sometimes burns. This is exploited in microwave ovens. Microwaves: The super high frequency (SHF) and extremely high frequency (EHF) of microwaves come next up the frequency scale. Microwaves are waves which are typically short enough to employ tubular metal waveguides of reasonable diameter. They have wavelengths ranging from approximately 0.3m to 10-4 m and are also generated by electronic devices. Because of their short wave lengths, they are well suited for radar system and for studying atomic and molecular properties of matter. Microwave ovens are an interesting domestic application of these waves. It has been suggested that the solar energy could be harnessed by beaming microwaves to the earth from a solar collector in space. Microwave energy is produced with klystron and magnetron tubes, and with solid state diodes such as Gunn and IMPATT devices. Microwaves are absorbed by molecules that have a dipole moment in liquids. In a microwave oven, this effect is used to heat food. Low-intensity microwave radiation is used in Wi-Fi, although this is at intensity levels unable to cause thermal heating. Volumetric heating, as used by microwaves, transfer energy through the material electromagnetically, not as a thermal heat flux. The benefit of this is a more uniform heating and reduced heating time; microwaves can heat material in less than 1% of the time of conventional heating methods. When active, the average microwave oven is powerful enough to cause interference at close range with poorly shielded electromagnetic fields such as those found in mobile medical devices and cheap consumer electronics. Infrared Waves: have wavelengths ranging from approximately 10-3m to the longest wavelength of visible light, 710-7m. These waves, produced by molecules and room temperature objects, are readily absorbed by most materials. The infrared energy absorbed by a substance appears as internal energy because the energy agitates objects atoms, increasing their vibrational or translational motion, which results in a temperature increase. Infrared radiation has practical and scientific applications in many areas, including physical therapy, IR photography and vibrational spectroscopy. The infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum covers the range from roughly 300 GHz (1 mm) to 400 THz (750 nm). It can be divided into three parts: Far-infrared, from 300 GHz (1 mm) to 30 THz (10 ÃŽÂ ¼m). The lower part of this range may also be called microwaves. This radiation is typically absorbed by so-called rotational modes in gas-phase molecules, by molecular motions in liquids, and by phonons in solids. The water in the Earths atmosphere absorbs so strongly in this range that it renders the atmosphere effectively opaque. However, there are certain wavelength ranges (windows) within the opaque range which allow partial transmission, and can be used for astronomy. The wavelength range from approximately 200 ÃŽÂ ¼m up to a few mm is often referred to as sub-millimetre in astronomy, reserving far infrared for wavelengths below 200 ÃŽÂ ¼m. Mid-infrared, from 30 to 120 THz (10 to 2.5 ÃŽÂ ¼m). Hot objects (black-body radiators) can radiate strongly in this range. It is absorbed by molecular vibrations, where the different atoms in a molecule vibrate around their equilibrium positions. This range is sometimes called the fingerprint region since the mid-infrared absorption spectrum of a compound is very specific for that compound. Near-infrared, from 120 to 400 THz (2,500 to 750 nm). Physical processes that are relevant for this range are similar to those for visible light. Visible light: It is the most familiar form of electromagnetic spectrum the human eye can detect. Light is produced by the rearrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules. The various wavelengths of visible light, which correspond to different colours, range from red (ÃŽÂ »=710-7) to violet (ÃŽÂ »=410-7). The sensitivity of the human eye is a function of wavelength, being a maximum of 5.510-7m. This is the range in which the sun and stars similar to it emit most of their radiation. It is probably not a coincidence that the human eye is sensitive to the wavelengths that the sun emits most strongly. Visible light (and near-infrared light) is typically absorbed and emitted by electrons in molecules and atoms that move from one energy level to another. The light we see with our eyes is really a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. A rainbow shows the optical (visible) part of the electromagnetic spectrum; infrared (if you could see it) would be located just beyond the red side of the rainbow with ultraviolet appearing just beyond the violet end. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 760 nm (790-400 terahertz) is detected by the human eye and perceived as visible light. Other wavelengths, especially near infrared (longer than 760 nm) and ultraviolet (shorter than 380 nm) are also sometimes referred to as light, especially when the visibility to humans is not relevant. If radiation having a frequency in the visible region of the EM spectrum reflects off an object, say, a bowl of fruit, and then strikes our eyes, this results in our visual perception of the scene. Our brains visual system processes the multitude of reflected frequencies into different shades and hues, and through this not-entirely-understood psychophysical phenomenon, most people perceive a bowl of fruit. At most wavelengths, however, the information carried by electromagnetic radiation is not directly detected by human senses. Natural sources produce EM radiation across the spectrum, and our technology can also manipulate a broad range of wavelengths. Optical fiber transmits light which, although not suitable for direct viewing, can carry data that can be translated into sound or an image. The coding used in such data is similar to that used with radio waves. Ultraviolet light: These cover wavelengths ranging from approximately 410-7 to 610-10m. The sun is an important source of ultraviolet (UV) light, which is the main cause of sun burn. Sunscreen lotions are transparent to visible light but absorb most of the ultraviolet light. The higher a sunscreens solar protection factor, or SPF, the greater the percentage of UV light absorbed. Ultraviolet rays have also been implicated in the formation of cataracts, a clouding of lens inside the eye. Most of the UV light from the sun is absorbed by ozone (O3) molecules in the earths upper atmosphere, in a layer called the stratosphere. This ozone shield converts lethal high energy UV energy into IR radiation, which in turn warms the stratosphere. Next in frequency comes ultraviolet (UV). This is radiation whose wavelength is shorter than the violet end of the visible spectrum, and longer than that of an X-ray. Being very energetic, UV can break chemical bonds, making molecules unusually reactive or ionizing them (see photoelectric effect), in general changing their mutual behaviour. Sunburn, for example, is caused by the disruptive effects of UV radiation on skin cells, which is the main cause of skin cancer, if the radiation irreparably damages the complex DNA molecules in the cells (UV radiation is a proven mutagen). The Sun emits a large amount of UV radiation, which could quickly turn Earth into a barren desert. However, most of it is absorbed by the atmospheres ozone layer before reaching the surface. X-rays: They have wavelengths in the range from approximately 10-8m to 10-12m. The most common source of x-rays is the stopping of high-energy electrons upon bombarding a metal target. X-rays are used as a diagnostic tool in medicine (a process known as radiography) and as a treatment for certain forms of cancer as well as for high-energy physics and astronomy.. Because x-rays can damage or destroy living tissues and organisms, care must be taken to avoid unnecessary exposure or over exposure. X-rays are also used in the study of crystal structure because x-ray wavelengths are comparable to the atomic separation distances in solids (about 0.1nm). Hard X-rays have shorter wavelengths than soft X-rays., Neutron stars and accretion disks around black holes emit X-rays, which enable us to study them. X-rays are given off by stars and are strongly emitted by some types of nebulae. Gamma rays: After hard X-rays comes gamma rays, which were discovered by Paul Villard in 1900, these are the most energetic photons, having no defined lower limit to their wavelength. They are electromagnetic waves emitted by radioactive nuclei (such as 60Co and 137Cs) and during certain nuclear reactions. High-energy gamma rays are a component of cosmic rays that enter the earths atmosphere from space. They have wavelength ranging from approximately 10-10m to less than 10-14m. Gamma rays are highly penetrating and produce serious damage when absorbed by living tissues. Consequently those working near such dangerous radiation must be protected with heavily absorbing material such as thick layers of lead. They are useful to astronomers in the study of high energy objects or regions, and find a use with physicists thanks to their penetrative ability and their production from radioisotopes. Gamma rays are also used for the irradiation of food and seed for sterilization, and in medicine they are used in radiation cancer therapy and some kinds of diagnostic imaging such as PET scans. The wavelength of gamma rays can be measured with high accuracy by means of Compton scattering. Note: There are no precisely defined boundaries between the bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radiations of some types have a mixture of the properties of those in two regions of the spectrum. For example, red light resembles infrared radiation in that it can resonate some chemical bonds. Application Areas of Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Waves in the modern world have led to evolvement of many advanced communication systems some of them are radio, television, radars, etc. We would now focus on how these electromagnetic waves which carry energy and momentum are used in various applications round the globe. TELEMETRY Telemetry is the process of making measurements from a remote location and transmitting those measurements to receiving equipment. The earliest telemetry systems, developed in the United States during the 1880s, monitored the distribution and use of electricity in a given region, and relayed this information back to power companies using telephone lines. By the end of World War I, electric companies used the power lines themselves as information relays, and though such electrical telemetry systems remain in use in some sectors, most modern telemetry systems apply radio signals. An example of a modern telemetry application is the use of an input device called a transducer to measure information concerning an astronauts vital signs (heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature, and so on) during a manned space flight. The transducer takes this information and converts it into an electrical impulse, which is then beamed to the space monitoring station on Earth. Because this signal carries information, it must be modulated, but there is little danger of interference with broadcast transmissions on Earth. Typically, signals from spacecraft are sent in a range above 10 10 Hz, far above the frequencies of most microwave transmissions for commercial purposes. RADAR Radio waves can be used to send communication signals, or even to cook food; they can also be used to find and measure things. One of the most obvious applications in this regard is radar, an acronym for RAdio Detection And Ranging. Radio makes it possible for pilots to see through clouds, rain, fog, and all manner of natural phenomena-not least of which is darkness. It can also identify objects, both natural and manmade, thus enabling a peacetime pilot to avoid hitting another craft or the side of a mountain. On the other hand, radar may help a pilot in wartime to detect the presence of an enemy. Nor is radar used only in the skies, or for military purposes, such as guiding missiles: on the ground, it is used to detect the speeds of objects such as automobiles on an interstate highway, as well as to track storms. In the simplest model of radar operation, the unit sends out microwaves toward the target, and the waves bounce back off the target to the unit. Though the speed of light is reduced somewhat, due to the fact that waves are travelling through air rather than through a vacuum, it is, nonetheless, possible to account for this difference. Hence, the distance to the target can be calculated using the simple formula d = vt, where d is distance, v is velocity, and t is time. Typically, a radar system includes the following: a frequency generator and a unit for controlling the timing of signals; a transmitter and, as with broadcast radio, a modulator; a duplexer, which switches back and forth between transmission and reception mode; an antenna; a receiver, which detects and amplifies the signals bounced back to the antenna; signal and data processing units; and data display units. In a monostatic unit-one in which the transmitter and receiver are in the same location-the unit has to be continually switched between sending and receiving modes. Clearly, a bistatic unit-one in which the transmitter and receiver antennas are at different locations-is generally preferable; but on an airplane, for instance, there is no choice but to use a monostatic unit. In order to determine the range to a target-whether that target be a mountain, an enemy aircraft, or a storm-the target itself must first be detected. This can be challenging, because only a small portion of the transmitted pulse comes back to the receiving antenna. At the same time, the antenna receives reflections from a number of other objects, and it can be difficult to determine which signal comes from the target. For an aircraft in a wartime situation, these problems are compounded by the use of enemy countermeasures such as radar jamming. Still another difficulty facing a military flyer is the fact that the use of radar itself-that is the transmission of microwaves-makes the aircraft detectable to opposing forces. MICROWAVE OVENS The same microwaves that transmit FM and television signals-to name only the most obviously applications of microwave for communication-can also be harnessed to cook food. The microwave oven, introduced commercially in 1955, was an outgrowth of military technology developed a decade before. During World War II, the Raytheon Manufacturing Company had experimented with a magnetron, a device for generating extremely short-wavelength radio signals as a means of improving the efficiency of military radar. While working with a magnetron, a technician named Percy Spencer was surprised to discover that a candy bar in his pocket had melted, even though he had not felt any heat. This led him to considering the possibilities of applying the magnetron to peacetime uses, and a decade later, Raytheons radar range hit the market. Those early microwave ovens had none of varied power settings to which modern users of the microwave-found today in two-thirds of all American homes-are accustomed. In the first microwaves, the only settings were on and off, because there were only two possible adjustments: either the magnetron would produce, or not produce, microwaves. Today, it is possible to use a microwave for almost anything that involves the heating of food that contains water-from defrosting a steak to popping popcorn. As noted much earlier, in the general discussion of electromagnetic radiation, there are three basic types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Without going into too much detail here, conduction generally involves heat transfer between molecules in a solid; convection takes place in a fluid (a gas such as air or a liquid such as water); and radiation, of course, requires no medium. A conventional oven cooks through convection, though conduction also carries heat from the outer layers of a solid (for example, a turkey) to the interior. A microwave, on the other hand, uses radiation to heat the outer layers of the food; then conduction, as with a conventional oven, does the rest. The difference is that the microwave heats only the food-or, more specifically, the water, which then transfers heat throughout the item being heated-and not the dish or plate. Thus, many materials, as long as they do not contain water, can be placed in a microwave oven without being melted or burned. Metal, though it contains no water, is unsafe because the microwaves bounce off the metal surfaces, creating a microwave buildup that can produce sparks and damage the oven. In a microwave oven, microwaves emitted by a small antenna are directed into the cooking compartment, and as they enter, they pass a set of turning metal fan blades. This is the stirrer, which disperses the microwaves uniformly over the surface of the food to be heated. As a microwave strikes a water molecule, resonance causes the molecule to align with the direction of the wave. An oscillating magnetron causes the microwaves to oscillate as well, and this, in turn, compels the water molecules to do the same. Thus, the water molecules are shifting in position several million times a second, and this vibration generates energy that heats the water. RADIO COMMUNICATION Among the most familiar parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, in modern life at least, is radio. In most schematic representations of the spectrum, radio waves are shown either at the left end or the bottom, as an indication of the fact that these are the electromagnetic waves with the lowest frequencies, the longest wavelengths, and the smallest levels of photon energy. Included in this broad sub-spectrum, with frequencies up to about 10 7 Hertz are long-wave radio, short-wave radio, and microwaves. The areas of communication affected are many: broadcast radio, television, mobile phones, radar-and even highly specific forms of technology such as baby monitors. Though the work of Maxwell and Hertz was foundational to the harnessing of radio waves for human use, the practical use of radio had its beginnings with Marconi. During the 1890s, he made the first radio transmissions, and, by the end of the century, he had succeeded in transmitting telegraph messages across the Atlantic Ocean-a feat which earned him the Nobel Prize for physics in 1909. Marconis spark transmitters could send only coded messages, and due to the broad, long-wave length signals used, only a few stations could broadcast at the same time. The development of the electron tube in the early years of the twentieth century, however, made it possible to transmit narrower signals on stable frequencies. This, in turn, enabled the development of technology for sending speech and music over the airwaves. THE DEVELOPMENT OF AM AND FM. A radio signal is simply a carrier: the process of adding information-that is, complex sounds such as those of speech or music-is called modulation. The first type of modulation developed was AM, or amplitude modulation, which Canadian-American physicist Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (1866-1932) demonstrated with the first United States radio broadcast in 1906. Amplitude modulation varies the instantaneous amplitude of the radio wave, a function of the radio stations power, as a means of transmitting information. By the end of World War I, radio had emerged as a popular mode of communication: for the first time in history, entire nations could hear the same sounds at the same time. During the 1930s, radio became increasingly important, both for entertainment and information. Families in the era of the Great Depression would gather around large cathedral radios-so named for their size and shape-to hear comedy programs, soap operas, news programs, and speeches by important public figures such as President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Throughout this era-indeed, for more than a half-century from the end of the first World War to the height of the Vietnam Conflict in the mid-1960s-AM held a dominant position in radio. This remained the case despite a number of limitations inherent in amplitude modulation: AM broadcasts flickered with popping noises from lightning, for instance, and cars with AM radios tended to lose their signal when going under a bridge. Yet, another mode of radio transmission was developed in the 1930s, thanks to American inventor and electrical engineer Edwin H. Armstrong (1890-1954). This was FM, or frequency modulation, which varied the radio signals frequency rather than its amplitude. Not only did FM offer a different type of modulation; it was on an entirely different frequency range. Whereas AM is an example of a long-wave radio transmission, FM is on the microwave sector of the electromagnetic spectrum, along with television and radar. Due to its high frequency and form of modulation, FM offered a clean sound as compared with AM. The addition of FM stereo broadcasts in the 1950s offered still further improvements; yet despite the advantages of FM, audiences were slow to change, and FM did not become popular until the mid-to late 1960s. SIGNAL PROPAGATION AM signals have much longer wavelengths, and smaller frequencies, than do FM signals, and this, in turn, affects the means by which AM signals are propagated. There are, of course, much longer radio wavelengths; hence, AM signals are described as intermediate in wavelength. These intermediate-wavelength signals reflect off highly charged layers in the ionosphere between 25 and 200 mi (40-332 km) above Earths surface. Short-wave-length signals, such as those of FM, on the other hand, follow a straight-line path. As a result, AM broadcasts extend much farther than FM, particularly at night. At a low level in the ionosphere is the D layer, created by the Sun when it is high in the sky. The D layer absorbs medium-wavelength signals during the day, and for this reason, AM signals do not travel far during daytime hours. After the Sun goes down, however, the D layer soon fades, and this makes it possible for AM signals to reflect off a much higher layer of the ionosphere known as the F layer. (This is also sometimes known as the Heaviside layer, or the Kennelly-Heaviside layer, after English physicist Oliver Heaviside and British-American electrical engineer Arthur Edwin Kennelly, who independently discovered the ionosphere in 1902.) AM signals bounce off the F layer as though it were a mirror, making it possible for a listener at night to pick up a signal from halfway across the country. The Sun has other effects on long-wave and intermediate-wave radio transmissions. Sunspots, or dark areas that appear on the Sun in cycles of about 11 years, can result in a heavier buildup of the ionosphere than normal, thus impeding radio-signal propagation. In addition, occasional bombardment of Earth by charged particles from the Sun can also disrupt transmissions. Due to the high frequencies of FM signals, these do not reflect off the ionosphere; instead, they are received as direct waves. For this reason, an FM station has a fairly short broadcast range, and this varies little with regard to day or night. The limited range of FM stations as compared to AM means that there is much less interference on the FM dial than for AM. In the United States and most other countries, one cannot simply broadcast at will; the airwaves are regulated, and, in America, the governing authority is the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The FCC, established in 1934, was an outgrowth of the Federal Radio Commission, founded by Congress seven years earlier. The FCC actually sells air, charging companies a fee to gain rights to a certain frequency. Those companies may in turn sell that air to ot

Native Americans

For many years Native Americans life has been a struggle. The government at the time was trying to encourage them into the white world and ultimately lose their cultural beliefs but Indians themselves at the time fought bitterly against the policies by the US government and also for their tribal lands. Their major concern was that if they chose to live away from tribal land they experienced discrimination and if they lived in tribal land the US constitution did not apply to them. In 1961 tribes gathered for a meeting in Chicago where they issued declaration of Indian purpose that stressed responsibility of preserving their native land and the right to choose their own way of life. Due to the activism the congress passed the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 which granted Native Americans full access to the United States Bill of Rights and protection for their tribal lands. This means that the Native Americans can govern themselves in sovereignty. Even though civil right gave tribes legal rights and protection there were conflicts that arose between respecting Native American sovereignty and practicing the United States bill of rights. Robert, Ericson and D. Rebecca Snow, â€Å"The Indian Battle for Self-Determination†, 1970 this additional source was an article written by two scholars who explained the battle for self-determination for the Indians. The article provides new information about the controversy in American courtrooms and legal halls. The article stated, â€Å"Federal courts have traditionally viewed the tribe as a dependent or â€Å"tributary† nation possessed of limited elements of sovereignty and requiring federal protection;' the Congress has alternately viewed the tribe as a substantially independent political unit or as an anachronism which must be phased out consequent to a policy of Indian assimilation† (Erickson and Snow). This quote shows us that the tribal sovereignty has often been conflicted. Another important information I learned from the article was what a tribe cannot do when it comes to certain situations. The article claimed, â€Å"Moreover, a tribal Indian cannot claim protection from illegal search and seizure, or from interference with freedom of speech, press, or assembly. In addition, a tribe can impose a tax, or revoke tribal membership rights without complying with due process requirements† (Erickson and Snow). This quote explains the limitations of being a tribal Indian. This was an important information to learn because it showed the struggles of many Indians back then. Lastly, this quote explains one of the positive aspect of the civil rights act of the government. The quote states, â€Å"Perhaps the most encouraging aspect of the proposals is that they represent an attempt to respond to Indian grievances. This is a refreshing departure from past policy. Too often, Indian preference has been ignored† (Erickson and Snow). All of the examples provide new outside information about the Indian civil right Act of 1968. Finally, this source could be consider trustworthy and biased because even though it is written by a scholar but it is not like a newspaper from during that time of the event. I think that both of the authors agreed on the Indian civil right act but they states that there were conflicts and controversy in American courtrooms and legal halls. Both of the scholars liked how the government took an attempt to respond to the Indians because they often get ignored. The article was well balanced when providing information because not only it talked about the rights act but it also provide information about the government and how the Indian civil right act movement started. I think this was a good source to use because it gave me new insight about Indians and I learned more information about the civil right Act Itself.

Sammys development through the story

â€Å"A&P†, written by John Updike is considered as an initiation story. It focuses on Sammy, a clerk and his experience with the three girls and Lengel. The main character, at first is dependent on his family and their connections to survive. He was employed by his father and mother’s friend, Lengel and it is hinted that his grandmother had a considerable influence on him and that they were still seeing each other. Also, he was still living with his parents since his mother was the one who ironed his shirt for that day. With this dependence on his family, unfortunately, comes a price: he must do his best not to upset nor disappoint his parents. Like most young boys, Sammy was curious, observant and almost always wonders. With the arrival of the girls, Sammy at first adopts the usual response of a young, immature teenager and that was to admire the girls based on their appearance. Usually one not to commit mistakes, he was scolded by an elderly lady for his lapse. Instead of taking responsibility for his mistake, he comforts himself by saying that the old woman was a witch who had nothing better to do. In the first parts of the story, he was still childish and hormonally driven, especially when he was with his friend Stokesie as they â€Å"checked out† the girls. For him to take such a keen interest and distract him from his responsibility emphasizes the temptation that the girls—or more specifically, the â€Å"Queen†Ã¢â‚¬â€posed on him. The situation was then exacerbated since they started to walk around with nothing but their bathing suits and distract everyone around them, and unwittingly seduce people with their gestures. The dream was broken when Lengel entered and started to admonish them in front of everyone. The girls going around the aisles can be interpreted as a dream for Sammy; three attractive young girls walking slowly around in the air conditioned room under the lights in their bathing suits with no beaches nearby. It was unreal and fantastic; it was a dream for every hormone active teenager. Even the fact that they ended up in his lane and the way that the â€Å"Queen† took out her payment was like a â€Å"dream come true†. The movement of the girls and the way that every aspect of them was emphasized seemed sublime. The pace of the story itself seems to be dreamlike in nature, all seen in Sammy’s eyes. Lengel’s entrance from the outside breaks the dream; his entrance can be interpreted as reality coming back. In reality, a boy like Sammy has to answer to an authoritative figure represented by Lengel. His manager symbolized responsibility and the end of childhood fantasies. Updike narrates that Lengel is the straitlaced type of man, one who teaches Sunday school. He starts to admonish the girls and embarrassed them in front of every body. Sammy watches the girls state their reasons for coming in yet Lengel still admonishes them. In Sammy’s eyes, Lengel was being unreasonable and preferred to have things only two ways: his way or one is a delinquent for not following. At that point, the main character realizes that the situation is more complicated than the girls not following policy. What Lengel did in Sammy’s eyes was a show of power; using his position as manager to not only admonish the girls but to also embarrasses them. Even if the girl was only fulfilling an errand for her mother, he still didn’t listen. It was obvious that the â€Å"Queen† went out of her way to buy the jar of herring snacks since the beach was miles and miles away. Also, the â€Å"Queen† seemed to be of a higher social class than Sammy; he sees this and realizes the difference between the both of them. Before they left, the main character made a show of quitting, an indirect way of telling the girls that he was making a stand and that he thinks that they were untreated fairly. Unfortunately, in contrast to his ideal fantasies of them seeing him as their hero, they left him to fend for himself. A mark of his maturity was shown in the way that he refused to back down despite being alone in his opinion since he has developed the sense that one must go through with one’s actions and take responsibility for them. He then mustered up the courage to question the authority for their actions. Lengel then explained to Sammy his own view of what transpired, ushering another realization for the main character. The realization is that not everything is black and white and that people tend to have differing opinions and their own point of view, never realizing the harm that they cause others. Also, in contrast to what is usually taught, in practice, people will choose their own interests and will care little for the welfare of others. Like in the case of Lengel, the manager thought that they were the ones being embarrassed by the girls and not the other way around. It was then clear that Lengel pulled this exhibition of power since everyone else was watching and that he felt that the integrity of the store was being threatened. In Lengel’s eyes, the girls were putting on an indecent show for everyone and even distracted his most trusty clerk. Yet Sammy still retained some of his dependence and thirst for approval since he briefly thought of his grandmother and how proud she would be of him if she could see him now. Lengel then started to remind Sammy of his responsibility to his parents, a sacred oath that he was not allowed to break. In his transition of maturity, he went through with his decision knowing the consequences and outright told Lengel that he knew what he was doing and that the manager was the one who didn’t know what he himself was doing. At that point, Sammy developed a different opinion based on what he saw and what his point of view was, signaling to the audience that he was exhibiting the same behavior as the adults. He then starts to shed the clothes that symbolized his dependence: the bow tie and the apron. Yet with his actions, Sammy still exuded that idealistic and childlike quality that enabled him to care whether the girls were still there or that he can make a clean exit since it was summer and he didn’t have to fumble around for his winter apparel. Throughout the course of the story, he has addressed the shoppers as â€Å"sheep†, letting themselves herded into one point or the other. His description takes life when the shoppers stood and did nothing to defend the young ladies from Lengel’s verbal assault, unlike Sammy who stood up for what he believed in. As Sammy went out of the store, Lengel is seen taking care of the â€Å"sheep† in his place, the people who were still willing to follow authority despite of its misgivings. The last transition then occurred at that point: Sammy realized that fighting for what you believed in would be hard and most often times would leave you lonely and that since he has divorced himself from his dependence on his parents, he would have to make it out on the world on his own. This transition is symbolized by Sammy standing in the hot summer sun with no one but the mother who is frustrated at her children while the others are inside in the comfort of the air conditioned A&P. Seeing Lengel with such a harsh expression also made Sammy realize that the world has not been friendly to the old man either, and that he had to be strong and be the way he is just to survive. He had to forego other people’s feelings and put his interests first. From being a childish, hormonally driven pampered boy, Sammy matured into a responsible man who is not willing to back down from what he believes in once he sees injustice being committed. Like a young man, he went through with his decisions and refused to be intimidated by threats or emotional blackmail. Yet like a young boy, he still holds his idealism and somehow had a feeling that the world was a lot more complicated that he thought and that not every â€Å"right† thing was rewarded. Standing up for what was right will prove to be difficult in a world of Lengels who all thought that they were the ones who were right. If he were to refuse to see injustice and stand up and oppose authority for what he believed in every single time, then like his experience at A&P, he will have no choice but to leave. Either that or he would have to be harsh like Lengel was. It is also interesting to note that while Sammy was narrating the story, his parents thought that it was sad; yet Sammy himself thought nothing of as if he accepted what transpired.

Decisions in Paradise Business Scenario, Part 3

Decisions in Paradise Business Scenario, Part 3 Free Online Research Papers Implementation of a decision is necessary for any organization to move in the direction of accomplishing its planned objective. Monitoring and evaluation of the decision is also needed to have an effective implementation. What improves the performance of an organization is evaluating decisions. Evaluating decisions will inform the organization if the solution that was implemented met the objectives of the organization. This paper will discuss the logic and strategy for implementing a solution to Kaiser Permanente establishing a presence on the Island of Kava. The paper will also discussed is the influence of implementing and evaluating the resources and procedures vital for decision making, and evaluates the ethical implications of a solution from the perspective of stakeholders. The mission of Kaiser Permanente is to provide high quality, affordable healthcare services and to improve the health of our members and the communities we serve (Crane, 2002). Kaiser feels the essential components for an organization to be successful on the Island of Kava is the commitment to satisfying their customers, increase the value of their shareholder, and boosting initiatives of the community are. Kaiser’s top and mid level management team have approved the proposal to build a first-rate medical facility on Kava. Creating a greater presence on Kava is one of the main goals to the resolution that Kaiser will put into action. The success of this resolution will be measured against the mission statement of Kaiser Permanente and the main goal. This is to ensure that Kaiser can accomplish its main goal, and meet the founder’s visualization and pledge to give back to the Island of Kava. In order for the endeavor to be successful Kaiser needs to execute a comprehensive plan that will implement their decisions into action. A strategy and timeline will needed, a plan to inform the stakeholder of the decisions that will be made. Kaiser will also need to develop a communication strategy to inform the stakeholders of its decision and identify and assign the resources in order to be successful on Kava. The group that will be implementing the strategy will consist of Alex, the director of strategic planning, and Nik the manager in training. The group has been given direction from the top management to have full authorization of allocating resources and finances. A systematic approach will be implemented to delegate every stage of the process. Kaiser will officially integrate the new organization on the island. Nik will make arrangements for the hospital to operate in Kava. He will also make arrangements for a corporate bank account to be established on the island. Ka iser will make sure that all laws and legal requirements are filed it and followed according to the law of Kava. While waiting for the construction of the new hospital a facility will be leased for several months. Alex expertise will provide supervision of the construction of the new facility. The facility will be located in the central part of the island where both citizen and tourist easily get to in case of an emergency and low operating cost. The location will alleviate the concerns of the stakeholder who were apprehensive about natural disasters that plague the island. Arrangements will also be made to purchase the necessary medical and office equipment, furniture and supplies once the leased facility negotiated and finalized. Insurance for inventory, equipment, and workman’s compensation for the employees will be purchased for the leased and new facilities. A meeting will be held between Alex, Nik, and top officials of the island. The discussion will establish multiple points of contact (email, web, and phone), an approach to medical planning (registries and protocols), and coordinate patient identification throughout the medical system. In the course of an observant analysis, Kaiser can be a complete medical facility that will enhance the quality of patient care, which will give Kaiser a competitive edge over the outside medical facilities. The Island of Kava will not have to rely on outside sources or clinics that are not fully equipped for proper medical care and emergencies. Kaiser will have meeting with business leaders and government officials of Kava to inform them of the organizations strategies for Kava. This would also be a tremendous opportunity to invite the business community to learn about the many services that hospital will provide to the citizens of the island. Alex will start the hiring process once the leased facility has been furnished. Kaiser will employ healthcare providers (physician, nurses, and technicians), administration (human resources, information technology, managerial and clerical) staff. Kaiser is an equal opportunity employer looking to employ the best for the positions available. Integrity and competency are valued highly by top management. Since greatest assets are employees that work for Kaiser, the organization will offer a basic healthcare coverage, fair and competitive pay package for all their employees. An orientation will be given to all new hires to learn about the mission statement, Code of Conduct, and values of the organization. Specific job training will be required for all new employees to improve their skill levels. There will also be Key Performance Indicators set for all new employees that they will have to meet. The Key Performance Indicators determines future promotions and advancement opportunities at Kaiser. Professional development is one of the corporate responsibilities of Kaiser Permanente. Kaiser provides various online courses on an extensive variety of subjects from the organization’s website for the employees to take. The web also provides opportunities for the employees to communicate openly, integrate the clinical record with appointments share best practices, and solve problems. Alex will be accountable for all Kaiser Employees, and the financial performances of the organization. â€Å"If you don’t measure it ? you can’t manage it,† Peter Drucker declared (Carlson, 2004, p.10). Key Performance Indicators will measure the performance of the Kaiser Permanente. Key Performance Indicators allows management to measure progress of each business unit within the company. This approach will allow the growth potential and profitability of the organization and increase the achieved measurable mission, and vision, strategic goals, and outcomes of the organization. Kaiser will be using metrics to track and improve productivity among the employee and a time metric track and reduce supply chain response time. Kaiser is an equal opportunity employer that will respect and provide employees, training and competitive pay. Kaiser will also bring business skills and culture to train the young workforce in Kava. Kaiser will increase the standard of living of the employees, citizens; contribute to the economic development and the main purpose of establishing a greater presence on the Island of Kava. The founder’s vision and commitment has been fulfilled. The citizens of Kava and employees of Kaiser know that the organization is socially responsible that has influence on his or her social and economic health of the island. Kaiser’s shareholders will be glad that the organization has taken on the social responsibility issues while maximizing profit. To get a good outcome it is essential to implement decisions. This requires an extensive implementation plan from the organization to summarize the strategy, timeline, and communication the stakeholders. Evaluating a decision is essential to the decision-making process. Key Metrics and Key Performance Indicators to evaluate the decisions and resources, which will test the effectiveness of the proposed solution and guarantee goals, have been accomplished. The organization needs to also evaluate and incorporate the ethical implications into the decision-making process to maintain long-term prosperity. References Carlson, Ph.D., Kevin D. (2004). The Importance of Metrics (ROI) Before and After Implementation. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Retrieved July 7, 2009, from ihrim-mac.org/archived-pres/2004Presentations/may2004-carlson.pdf Crane, Robert M. (2002).Introduction to Kaiser Permanente. Kaiser Permanente. Retrieved January19, 2002, from natpact.nhs.uk/uploads/BobCrane.ppt Research Papers on Decisions in Paradise Business Scenario, Part 3The Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Free Essays on War With Iraq

The Debate Over War in Iraq Is the war on Iraq perhaps one of the biggest displays of American hypocrisy? The details as to why we want to go to war are still being speculated upon. President Bush urged the United Nations to encourage Iraqi President Saddam Hussein to comply with U.N. resolutions or "actions will be unavoidable." Bush said that Saddam has repeatedly violated 16 U.N. Security Council resolutions, which include a call for Iraq to disarm its chemical, biological and nuclear weapons programs. Iraqi officials rejected Bush's comments (Nation par. 4). The Bush administration says Saddam is intent on acquiring chemical, biological and nuclear weapons to threaten his neighbors in the Middle East. The only way to stop him, according to U.S. officials, is to strike first and decisively. In the cease-fire that ended the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq gave U.N. inspectors unlimited access to search for and destroy weapons of mass destruction and pledged full, final and complete disclosure of its arsenal. Iraq hinder ed more than it helped the effort, misleading inspectors and refusing access to sensitive buildings. The debate to go to war with Iraq is a highly debated issue and the information presented points in the direction of hypocrisy. Until the reasoning behind it is made clearer and makes sense, we should not go to war with Iraq. After the September 11th attack, many high ranking officials as well as the media asked for a military attack against Iraq similar to the ongoing US military operations in Afghanistan, even though so far there has been no evidence linking the Iraqi regime to the terrorist operations in New York and Washington. Although they argue that Saddam Hussein’s regime is a constant source of threat to global peace and security, and hence should be eliminated, the fact is that any military strike against Iraq can destabilize the whole Middle East and create more problems for the international community, including th... Free Essays on War With Iraq Free Essays on War With Iraq So What’s a Billion More? For decades, America’s penny bank has looked as though it has been on somewhat of a diet. Looking back into our past, the thirties had launched a new program referred to as the New Deal by president Franklin D. Roosevelt. The New Deal helped to lift America out of the economic troubles brought on by the Depression. Later on during the Kennedy administration, a more active approach was brought on. His administration implemented tax cuts, aid for the inner cities, and the creation of new jobs that let to the acceleration of economic growth. Many of these proposals however were not very effective. The economy had proceeded sluggishly during the mid eighties. It didn’t help that our budget deficit rose to a whopping $221 million. Prior to George W. Bush, the former democratic president Bill Clinton had pushed to strengthen the market along with reducing welfare and the federal work force. It had appeared as though by the end of the nineties. Americans were able to have a se nse of a strong economy. As we potentially fall into war, the question now and for the future of the United States is: â€Å"How will our economy hold up?† A recent article by James Carney and John F. Dickerson from TIME.com had discussed the issues with the post benefits of war for our economy. Beginning with President Bush wanting to give a speech to the â€Å"regular people† after discussing his plans with the Chicago Economics Club. Writing draft after draft, Bush and his speechwriters finally arrived with a satisfied result. He was to give a forty-minute seminar to an audience inside of a high school gym in Kennesaw, Georgia. His top advisors admitted that only war could give America the jump-start that it needs. Business will be able to start a surge in investments and the consumers will begin spending before these national problems. In addition, the tax cuts should slowly decline. This is all if it goes into plan. â€Å"... Free Essays on War With Iraq The Debate Over War in Iraq Is the war on Iraq perhaps one of the biggest displays of American hypocrisy? The details as to why we want to go to war are still being speculated upon. President Bush urged the United Nations to encourage Iraqi President Saddam Hussein to comply with U.N. resolutions or "actions will be unavoidable." Bush said that Saddam has repeatedly violated 16 U.N. Security Council resolutions, which include a call for Iraq to disarm its chemical, biological and nuclear weapons programs. Iraqi officials rejected Bush's comments (Nation par. 4). The Bush administration says Saddam is intent on acquiring chemical, biological and nuclear weapons to threaten his neighbors in the Middle East. The only way to stop him, according to U.S. officials, is to strike first and decisively. In the cease-fire that ended the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq gave U.N. inspectors unlimited access to search for and destroy weapons of mass destruction and pledged full, final and complete disclosure of its arsenal. Iraq hinder ed more than it helped the effort, misleading inspectors and refusing access to sensitive buildings. The debate to go to war with Iraq is a highly debated issue and the information presented points in the direction of hypocrisy. Until the reasoning behind it is made clearer and makes sense, we should not go to war with Iraq. After the September 11th attack, many high ranking officials as well as the media asked for a military attack against Iraq similar to the ongoing US military operations in Afghanistan, even though so far there has been no evidence linking the Iraqi regime to the terrorist operations in New York and Washington. Although they argue that Saddam Hussein’s regime is a constant source of threat to global peace and security, and hence should be eliminated, the fact is that any military strike against Iraq can destabilize the whole Middle East and create more problems for the international community, including th...

Security Planning and Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Security Planning and Assessment - Essay Example One specific example of sustainable planning is the requirement that programs, policies, practices and processes are integrated across levels of authority-that is, everyone should know about it. According to EDAW (1999):   One of the lingering concerns of U.S. Department of Homeland Security is whether or not the department should assume protection duties for private-sector critical infrastructure facilities (which includes cargo terminals, utility plants, food stocks, and laboratories). The Department already has a plan on protecting even private infrastructure. According to the Homeland Security Website (n.d.): The National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) and supporting Sector-Specific Plans (SSPs) provide a coordinated approach to critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) protection roles and responsibilities for federal, state, local, tribal, and private sector security partners. The NIPP sets national priorities, goals, and requirements for effective distribution of funding and resources which will help ensure that our government, economy, and public services continue in the event of a terrorist attack or other disaster. Risk management framework establishing processes for combining consequence, vulnerability, and threat information to produce a comprehensive, systematic, and rational assessment of national or sector risk. ( from the Homeland Security Website, n.d.). The government should indeed play a part in protecting even private-sector infrastructures, as long as it does not interfere with the internal system. I think that, as long as the principles of this branch of the government are in-line with the principles of the private sector, misunderstandings due to conflict of interests will not arise. We cannot ensure that the private security agencies can adequately meet the needs of the company, especially if most of its activities require public interaction-which is the concern of the Department of Homeland Security. The Department should indeed assume protection duties, as long as it does not impair the private sectors internal system.  If I am a security manager of a nuclear power plant, and I have observed that my security officers and planners have little regard for each other, I will address the matter immediately-so as not to risk the security of the power plant. Being a security manager, and having to re-conciliate different views an d opinions from security officers and security planners will not be easy.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Leadership - Essay Example Motivation is another crucial aspect of a good leader because a motivated worker displays more enthusiasm to work along with superior performance and excellence. A motivated worker is more involved with the task (Mayer, 2008). A good leader must possess ideal character. It is significant that a leader is reliable for leading the employees to the right path. True leadership ability comes from esteem for the good personality and honesty of the individual who leads others (White, 2011). A good leader is passionate about the task and the part as a leader. People can only react frankly to an individual who has passion and enthusiasm. It is an essential characteristic of good leaders as they are regarded to be the basis of encouragement and be motivators toward the necessary achievement or cause (White, 2011). A good leader is always positive about his work and his position as a leader. In order to guide and set course, confidence is vital for a good leader. A confident person can motivate other subordinates and draws out the faith and greatest efforts from the team to perform any job well. A leader who successfully expresses confidence towards the planned objectives inspires the team members to put absolute effort for completing a task (White, 2011). A good leader always thinks logically by keeping the main organisational objectives in mind. He/she views a condition as a whole, but also is competent to split it down into sub-elements for faster assessment. Leader divides the controllable measures and steps forward towards the organisational goals (White, 2011). A good leader is committed to excellence. He /she not only uphold high standards, but also are positive in elevating the bar for accomplishing excellence in every field. A leader requires acting in a logical and focused way in situations of ambiguity. Subordinates always search for guidance of leader throughout the period of doubt and unfamiliarity and find encouragement and safety when the